| abstract |
Described herein are methods, materials, and kits for covalently associating molecular species with a surface of an object. The subject matter of the present invention involves, in some cases, interrelated products, alternative solutions to a particular problem, and/or a plurality of different uses of one or more systems and/or articles. In some aspects, methods are provided. In some embodiments, a method for covalently associating a molecular species with a surface comprises exposing an object with a surface comprising a plurality of functional groups to a first type of molecular species. |