| abstract |
Hydroxycarboxylic acids and/or transition metal salts may be added to an aqueous system to inhibit corrosion and/or scale deposition within the aqueous system. In a non-limiting embodiment, a phosphorous-containing component may not be added to or include in the aqueous system. The hydroxycarboxylic acid may have two or more carboxylic acid groups. The transition metal salt may have or include a transition metal, such as but not limited to, Zn (II), Zn (IV), Sn, Al, Mn, and combinations thereof. The aqueous system may be or include a cooling tower, a cooling water system, and combinations thereof. |