| abstract |
Nonaqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) can utilize a metal and a cation of the metal (M n+ ) as an active redox couple for a first electrode and electrolyte, respectively, in a first half-cell. The RFBs can also utilize a second electrolyte having I-based species. The I-based species can be selected from the group consisting of I − anions, I 2 , anions of I x (x≧3), or combinations thereof. Two different ones of the I-based species compose a second redox active couple in the second half cell. |