| abstract |
A predoping method for a negative electrode active material of an energy storage device, comprising at least one predoping material that can provide an ion that is different from a primary ionic charge carrier for a charging and discharging process of the energy storage device, called non-primary predoping material. The predoping material may be first included in a predoping electrode and later discharged to the negative electrode active material. The predoping material may be first mixed with the negative electrode active material in an electrode fabrication process, and later made to directly contact the negative electrode active material by adding an electrolyte and removing the protective shells of the predoping material. An ion exchanging method is used to exchange a first ion coming from the predoping material for a second ion in an electrode stack. |