| abstract |
The present invention provides compositions comprising energy (e.g., light) absorbing submicron particles (e.g., nanoparticles comprising a silica core and a gold shell) and methods for delivering such particles via topical application. This delivery is facilitated by application of mechanical agitation (e.g. massage), acoustic vibration in the range of 10 Hz-20 kHz, ultrasound, alternating suction and pressure, and microjets. Additionally or optionally, there is a step of applying a sufficient amount of a liquid to the treatment area after substantial evaporation of the formulation leaves a particle residue on the skin surface. Thereafter, one or more steps of facilitating delivery of particles into a portion of the skin are repeated. Finally, the particles are exposed to a suitable energy activation, thereby providing the desired treatment or clinical outcome. |