| abstract |
The present invention relates to an integrated process for producing diesel fuel or fuel additive from biological material by producing paraffins by a Fischer-Tropsch reaction on one hand and by a catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of bio oils and fats on the other hand. The two hydrocarbon streams are combined and distilled together. The invention also relates to the use of lignocellulosic material, such as by-products of the wood-processing industry for producing diesel fuel and to a method for narrowing the chain length distribution of Fischer-Tropsch derived diesel fuel. The invention provides a high-quality middle distillate fraction from various biological sources and most preferably from by-products of the wood-processing industry. The invention also relates to equipment for producing fuel form biological material, which comprises a hydrodeoxygenation reactor ( 3 ) for hydrocarbons, a cracking/isomerization reactor ( 11 ) for FT paraffins and a separation unit ( 12 ) for the combined hydrocarbons. Hydrogen is separated from light fractions in a separation unit ( 9 ) and reformed in the process. The equipment is advantageously integrated with a pulp and paper mill, which provides biological material and receives waste and energy. |