| abstract |
Systems for displaying images are provided. An exemplary system comprises an organic electroluminescent device, comprising a substrate, an anode formed on the substrate, a plurality of electroluminescent layers formed on the anode, an electron injection layer formed on the electroluminescent layers, and a cathode formed directly on the electron injection layer. The electron injection layer comprises a conductive material and a lanthanide-containing compound, an actinide-containing compound, or a fluorine-containing compound doped in the conductive material. |