| abstract |
Methods of treating tissue defects, including defects such as bone fractures, vertebrae fusions, and spinal disc repair, using electric or electromagnetic fields and growth factors. In various embodiments, the present invention provides methods for the treatment of a human or other mammal subject in need thereof, by administering electric stimulation and growth factors to stimulate endogeneous stem cells in the subject to facilitate healing. Other embodiments include methods of administering electric stimulation, growth factors, and stem cells to the defect. In various embodiments the amount of growth factor is a subefficacious amount. |