| abstract |
An electrochemical-based analytical test strip includes an electrically-insulating substrate and a metal electrode (e.g., a gold metal electrode) disposed on a surface of the electrically-insulating substrate. The metal electrode has an upper surface with hydrophilicity-enhancing chemical moieties thereon. In addition, the electrochemical-based analytical test strip also includes an enzymatic reagent layer disposed on the upper surface of the metal electrode. |