| abstract |
A method of sealing a water-bearing subsurface formation includes introducing an activation solution including an aqueous solution, Na 2 SiO 3 , NaOH, and one or both of CaCO 3 or Mn 3 O 4 into the wellbore. The method further includes introducing Saudi Arabian volcanic ash into the wellbore. The Saudi Arabian volcanic ash comprises SO 3 , CaO, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , MgO, and K 2 O. The method further includes allowing the Saudi Arabian volcanic ash to contact the activation solution in the wellbore, thereby forming a geopolymer barrier between the wellbore and the water-bearing subsurface formation and sealing the water-bearing subsurface formation. |