| abstract |
A method for producing a homocyclic or heterocyclic compound includes reacting a compound of formula (I) with a compound of formula (II) in presence of a base: n nIn formula (I), B is an unsaturated moiety selected from substituted or unsubstituted vinylene, ethynylene, aryleneethynylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylenevinylene, and a combination thereof, the vinylene or arylenevinylene has n (=0, 1 or 2) substituent(s) R 2 , G is an electron-withdrawing group, R 1 is hydrogen or a substituent, and two of R 1 , R 2 and G may joint together to form a ring. In formula (II), R 3 and R 4 are independently hydrogen or a substituent, R 5 is an electron-withdrawing group, and two of R 3 , R 4 and R 5 may joint together to form a ring. The conjugate acid of the base has a pK a in the range of 1 to 15. |