| abstract |
Disclosed is a method for making a material having supported micro- and/or nanostructures, the method includes (a) obtaining a substrate comprising a precursor material and an electrically conductive layer of micro- or nanostructures embedded into at least a portion of a first surface of the substrate, and (b) applying a voltage across the electrically conductive layer to heat the micro- or nanostructures, wherein the heat converts the precursor material into micro- and/or nanostructures. |