| abstract |
An electroplating apparatus includes a substrate, a seed layer provided on a top surface of the substrate, a high-voltage portion provided on a bottom surface of the substrate, a housing sealing the high-voltage portion, an anode structure spaced apart from the seed layer in a direction perpendicular to the top surface of the substrate, first power source generating a first voltage difference between the seed layer and the anode structure, and a second power source applying a second voltage to the high-voltage portion. A positive terminal of the first power source is electrically connected to the anode structure, and a negative terminal of the first power source is electrically connected to the seed layer. |