| abstract |
A piezoelectric element includes a first electrode; a second electrode; and a piezoelectric layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, in which the piezoelectric layer is a thin film that includes a perovskite-type composite oxide which includes potassium, sodium, and niobium and which is preferentially oriented in the (100) plane, and a crystal structure of the perovskite-type composite oxide includes a basic lattice structure having an oxygen octahedron and a super lattice structure in which the oxygen octahedron is tilted. |