| abstract |
A method of forming a conductive trace that includes selecting a substrate, jet dispenser, and conductive ink; measuring the ink's viscosity (V m ); using V m to select one of criteria (i)-(iv): applying the selected criteria to the dispenser; applying the ink onto the substrate; and drying, curing, or annealing the ink to form the conductive trace having ≥4B adhesion. The criteria (i)-(iv) including:n (i) (V m )>2.0 Pa-s, then (1) add a fluid—repeat D)-E) or (2) repeat C)-E); (ii) 2.0 Pa-s≥V m >0.35 Pa-s, use needle diameter ≥3.0 mm & nozzle diameter (d)≥0.15 mm with ratio of nozzle length (L) to nozzle diameter (d)≤30; (iii) V m <0.25 Pa-s, use a needle diameter ≥1.0 mm and <3.0 mm & nozzle diameter ≥0.15 mm with L/d≤30; or (iv) 0.25 Pa-s≤V m ≤0.35 Pa-s, use criteria (ii) or (iii). |