| abstract |
A composite positive active material including a composite represented by Formula 1:n nδLi 2 MO 3 .(1−δ)[ x Li 2 MnO 3 .(1− x )Li d Ni a CO b M′ c O 2 ] Formula 1n wherein, in Formula 1, M is titanium (Ti) or zirconium (Zr); M′ is manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), silicon (Si), tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), boron (B), or a combination thereof; and 0<δ<0.5; 0≤x<0.3; a+b+c≤1; 0<a<1; 0<b<1; 0<c<1, and 0.95≤d≤1.05. |