| abstract |
A bionanofluid includes a carbon-based nanomaterial substantially mono-dispersed in a fluid. The carbon-based nanomaterial is surface modified with a polar group when the fluid is polar or with a non-polar group when the fluid is non-polar, and functionalized with a biological targeting moiety to allow specific association of the carbon-based nanomaterial to a targeted entity. A hybrid bionanofluid includes the bionanofluid, with the carbon-based nanomaterial further modified with a hybrid nanoparticle which includes an alloy, transition metal, semi-conductor, semi-metal or polymer based nanoparticle with biological targeting moiety. A hydrogel, foam, cream, spray or dried product includes the bionanofluid or hybrid bionanofluid. The bionanofluid or hybrid bionanofluid are useful in multimodal imaging (photo-luminescence, luminescence, photo-acoustic, MRI, ultrasound) and/or cellular targeting. |