| abstract |
The invention provides a liquid crystal display element having characteristics such as a short response time, a large voltage holding rate, a low threshold voltage, a large contrast ratio, a long life, a small flicker rate, and the like. The liquid crystal display element includes: an electrode group formed on one or both of a pair of substrates disposed opposite to each other; a plurality of active elements connected to the electrode group; and a liquid crystal alignment film formed on the substrate. The opposite surfaces of the pair of substrates; and a liquid crystal composition sandwiched between the pair of substrates. |