| abstract |
Various methods are used to provide the desired dopant metal concentration in the CIGS-containing ink when the CIGS layer is deposited on the photovoltaic device. When the doped metal is sodium, it can be incorporated by the following steps: at the beginning of the synthesis reaction of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 nanoparticle, a sodium salt such as sodium acetate and copper are included. Adding, indium and/or gallium reagents together; synthesizing Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 nanoparticle and adding the sodium salt to the reaction solution, followed by mild heating to help sodium before separating the nanoparticles Diffusion; and/or using a ligand capable of capping the Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 nanoparticles with one end of its molecular chain and binding to the sodium atom using the other end of the chain. |