| abstract |
FIELD: chemical industry.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the chemical industry; it can be used for the production of parts made of composite thermoplastic or thermosetting materials; electrodes in electrochemical processes, fuel cells, batteries or accumulators; anodes for cathodic protection; electric current collectors for anodes or cathodes of lithium, sodium, lithium-sulfur or lithium-polymer batteries; electrode elements for lead-acid or rechargeable lithium batteries; supercapacitor electrode elements; catalytic substrates for air purification or for lithium-air batteries. First, structured and unstructured precursors are combined. The structured precursor contains fiber with a diameter of 0.5-300 mcm or a set of fibers. Structured precursor material is selected from cellulose, hydrocellulose, lignin, pitch or acrylic and is a coiled or uncoiled complex of unrelated elementary continuous fibers, a set of non-woven or woven fibers. The unstructured precursor is fluid with a viscosity of less than 45,000 MPa·s at a unification temperature and contains at least one cyclic organic or aromatic compound with a molecular weight of more than 500 g/mol in a molten state, in an aqueous and/or organic solution at a concentration less than or equal to 65 wt. %. The specified organic compound is selected from lignin, cellulose, starch, glycogen, amylose, amylopectin, dextran, hemicellulose, fructose or their derivatives; pitch, naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene or naphthalene sulfate; and also from synthetic products, such as phenolic, phenoplastic or polyepoxide resin. The unstructured precursor may additionally contain metallic fillers, metal salts, carbon-rich compounds selected from activated carbon, natural or synthetic anthracite, carbon black, natural or synthetic graphite, or organic particles selected from nanocellulose, tannins or chitosan. The specified precursors may also contain 0.0001-30 wt. % of carbon-containing nanofillers. The combined precursor, which is the structured precursor coated with the unstructured one, is subjected to thermal and dimensional stabilization followed by carbonation. Stages of unification and thermal and dimensional stabilization can be repeated several times. Resulting high-carbon material can be additionally extruded, pressed, calendered or pulled, as well as graphitized. The total porosity of high-carbon material is more than 5%, with the porosity of the structured part less than 40%, and of the unstructured part – more than 7%. The ratio of volumes of structured and unstructured parts is from 1/5 to 100/1.EFFECT: high carbon yield is provided with high mechanical stability and combinational stability of the three-dimensional structure.33 cl, 2 dwg, 2 ex |