| abstract |
A hybrid energy storage device having at least one positive lead-based electrode and at least one negative carbon-based electrode, a separator between the electrodes, a coating containing the electrodes and a separator, and an acid electrolyte. The separator is gas permeable, and is capable of absorbing and dragging the acid electrolyte. The separator has a finite capacity for the absorption of the acid electrolyte, and the amount of acid electrolyte that is present in the cell is less than the finite capacity of the separator. Based on the cell assembly, the coating is sealed, and there is no liquid acid electrolyte within the assembled cell. |