| abstract |
Devices and methods are described for the detection of proteins in biological fluids such as urine using non-labeled assays. Certain proteins are detected by binding to a very specific capture agent such as SOMAmer attached to the surface of the substrate. Changes to these trapping agents and their local environment upon protein binding are dependent on the behavior of the color centers embedded in the substrate under the bound trapping agent (e.g., fluorescence, ionization states, Spin state, etc.). These changes can be read optically or electrically, for example, for an individual color center or as an average response of many color centers. |