| abstract |
Genetically modified mice comprising nucleic acid sequences encoding human M-CSF protein are provided. Also provided are genetically modified mice comprising nucleic acid sequences encoding human M-CSF proteins that are engrafted with human cells, such as human hematopoietic cells, and methods for making such engrafted mice. These mice are used in many applications, for example, modeling of human immune diseases and pathogen infections; For example, in vivo screening for agents that modulate hematopoietic cell development and / or activity in a healthy or diseased state; In vivo screening for drugs toxic to hematopoietic cells; In vivo screening for agents that prevent, alleviate, or reverse the toxic effects of toxic substances on hematopoietic cells; Find use in in vivo screening of individual human hematopoietic cells, etc., to predict individual responsiveness to disease treatment. |