| abstract |
A carrier, a permanganate anion source, and a corrosion inhibitor comprising a rare earth ion, an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion, and / or a transition metal ion. An article comprising a substrate or a composition for application to the substrate, and applying the composition to a substrate to form a pertanedanized surface of the substrate and applying the lithium containing composition on the pertanganated surface A method of processing a substrate is also disclosed. |