| abstract |
Apparatus (1) and methods for producing charcoal, bio-oil (s), activated carbon, carbonaceous carbon, or nut coke using microwave energy are provided. The device has a rotatable tube 5, an electromagnetic generator 7, for receiving the biomass 108. One method provides for applying electromagnetic energy to the biomass 108 and absorbent material 109. An alternative approach is to develop an indirect blackbody radiation field, exposing the biomass 108 to blackbody radiation fields and electromagnetic energy. Another method allows plasma to be formed and to expose the biomass to plasma and electromagnetic energy. Another method is to introduce the biomass into the second vessel 205, introduce the second vessel into the first reaction vessel 5, apply electromagnetic energy to the biomass and absorbent material 109, 1 < / RTI > vessel and heating the biomass in the second vessel. |