| abstract |
Disclosed herein are methods of article surface treatment. The method includes removing the metal oxide surface from the metal substrate to expose the metal surface, and injecting the dopant to the article surface by transferring particles containing the dopant from the one or more fluid jets to the metal surface. The method also involves injecting the dopant into the article surface by simultaneously delivering particles from the first set of dopants and particles comprising the second set of abrasives to the article surface from one or more fluid jets. |