| abstract |
The present invention relates to a compound of the formula I: expression from a, b, c, d, m, n, p, s, t, W, Ar 1, R l, R 2, R 3, R 4,, R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 provide compounds of Formula I, as defined herein. The compound of formula I is a muscarinic receptor antagonist. The present invention also provides muscarinic receptor antagonists comprising such compounds, methods of making such compounds, and methods of using such compounds to treat intermediates and lung diseases. |