| abstract |
An anode for use in an electrochemical cell is provided wherein the anode active layer is in contact with an intermediate protective layer, such as an intermediate protective metal layer, or on a surface of a first layer comprising lithium metal, and a lithium-containing first layer. And a multi-layer structure having a single ion conductive layer and a polymer layer in contact with the first comprising a metal. Another aspect of the invention provides an anode active layer formed by in-situ deposition of lithium vapor and reactant gases. The anodes of the present invention are particularly useful in electrochemical cells that include sulfur-containing cathode active materials such as single sulfur. |