| abstract |
Herein, unsaturated fatty acid esters or unsaturated fatty acids (such as methyloleate or oleic acid) may be selected from the first product olefins, preferably α-olefins with reduced chain length, for example methyl-9-decenoate or An olefin substitution process is described which comprises contacting a lower olefin, preferably ethylene, in the presence of a substitution catalyst so as to produce 9-decenoic acid. The substitution catalyst comprises a chelate ligand comprising ruthenium or osmium and a chelate ligand, preferably a second donor residue of a group 15 or group 16 element and a carbene residue. Optionally, the catalyst can be supported on a catalyst support, such as a crosslinked polymeric resin. |