| abstract |
The present invention is directed to a fuel cell system having a regenerative fuel cell system having a regenerative fuel cell system that exhibits both operational and stability in a harsh environment, for example, a mixture of an acid or an acid, or a mixture of halogen ions or halogen ions in a regenerative fuel cell. For example, a combination of an electrical energy source and an electrical energy storage system. The electrochemical system can perform both the hydrogen generation reaction (HER) and the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in the same system. Electrochemical systems have low cost, fast reaction times, and acceptable lifetime and performance. The present invention also relates to a method of operating an electrochemical system comprising a regenerative fuel cell system. |