| abstract |
Provided is a pharmaceutical composition comprising: (i) 3-(2-hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-(3-phenoxypropyl)-1-azoniabicyclo-[2.2.2]octane or an enantiomer, mixture of enantiomers, or a racemate thereof, wherein an anion X- with a single negative charge is associated with the positive charge of the nitrogen atom; and (ii) a phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor and methods of using the same. |