| abstract |
Disclosed are low flammable and nonflammable locally ultra-concentrated electrolytes (LSEs) for stable operation of electrochemical devices such as rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, and sensors. Also disclosed are electrochemical devices such as rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, and sensors, including low flammability and nonflammable LSEs. Low flammable and nonflammable LSEs include active salts, solvents containing flame-retardant compounds, and diluents in which the active salt is insoluble or sparingly soluble, the active salt being soluble in the solvent. In certain embodiments, such as when the solvent and diluent are immiscible, the LSE further comprises a cross-linking solvent. |