| abstract |
A system for monitoring at least the presence of a biological specimen. The system includes a substrate having a skin contact surface, a microneedle projecting outward from the skin contact surface, a sensing complex located within the microneedle, and a circuit attached to the substrate. The sensing complex comprises a nanostructure and an affinity moiety, the nanostructure being modified by a functional moiety covalently bound thereto, wherein the affinity moiety reacts specifically with the biological analyte. It is an effective part for producing the reaction product. The circuit can apply a voltage to the nanostructure and monitor changes in the electrical properties of the nanostructure in response to the reaction between the reaction product and the functional moiety. [Selection] Figure 1 |