abstract |
The present invention provides a novel method for developing a sufficient immune response to prevent or treat persistent infection in cells infected with viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, etc., or cancer. A method of reducing or preventing symptoms of persistent infection or cancer, wherein a subject in need thereof reduces the activity or expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) polypeptide in the subject. Administering a compound to be administered. The compound is preferably an antibody such as an anti-PD-1 antibody; a nucleic acid such as an anti-PD-1 RNAi or anti-PD-1 antisense RNA; or a protein such as a dominant negative PD-1 protein. In addition to the compound, a second compound that decreases the expression or activity of a vaccine, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) or B lymphocyte and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is administered. May be. [Selection figure] None |