| abstract |
An electrophotographic photosensitive member having excellent cleaning properties for a long period and excellent durability, and an electrophotographic apparatus using such an electrophotographic photosensitive member are provided. An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes at least a charge generation layer, a charge transport layer, and a protective layer in this order on a conductive support, and the protective layer is formed of a photocurable resin and a silane coupling agent. And the metal oxide includes tin oxide, zinc oxide or titanium oxide, and the silane coupling agent has a silane coupling site bonded to the metal oxide in a side chain. And a graft polymer having a photoreactive site and a lubricating site containing at least one of fluorine and silicon. [Selection] Figure 1 |