| abstract |
Treated metal oxide particles comprising metal oxide particles treated with at least one charge modifier. The charge modifier is represented by the following formula. An-Z c -Y b -Ar ( EW) a In the formula, Ar represents an aromatic group, EW represents an electron withdrawing group, Y represents a spacer group, Z represents an alkylene group, An represents an anchor group, and a is an integer of 1 to 5. , B is 0 or 1, and c is 0 or 1. The treated metal oxide particles can also be treated with a second charge modifier or hydrophobicity-imparting agent. Also disclosed is a toner composition comprising toner particles and treated metal oxide particles. |