| abstract |
Provided is an integrated airway adapter that can immediately monitor every breath by combining expiratory flow, oxygen concentration, and one or more concentrations of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and anesthetics. Expiratory flow is monitored through a sensor structure that is improved to minimize phase shifts and airway dead space using differential pressure flow meters under a variety of inlet conditions. Molecular oxygen concentration is monitored using luminescence quenching techniques. One or more of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and anesthetics are monitored using infrared absorption techniques. [Selection] Figure 1 |