| abstract |
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image forming apparatus capable of stably obtaining a high quality image with good cleaning property and transfer rate using toner having a high average circularity, and a process cartridge and toner used therefor. An image carrier 11, a charging device 12, a developing device 13, and a toner image are directly transferred to a recording member 100 conveyed by a transfer belt 60, or after primary transfer onto a transfer belt. A transfer device 6 for secondary transfer to the recording member 100, and a cleaning device 14 in which a cleaning blade 141 and a brush roller 144 are arranged, and the average circularity Ψ of the toner is 0.93 to 0.99, In the image forming apparatus 200, the friction coefficient μs of the image carrier 11 satisfies the relationship of friction coefficient μs ≦ 3.6-3.3 × average circularity Ψ. [Selection] Figure 2 |