| abstract |
(57) [Summary] (with correction) [PROBLEMS] To provide a developer capable of obtaining an image with less fog and reducing contamination on a photoconductor and a charging roller in a continuous printing of a large number of sheets by a cleanerless image forming method. SOLUTION: The developer used in an image forming method for recovering toner remaining on a photoreceptor after a transfer process while also developing an electrostatic latent image, wherein the charging means for charging the photoreceptor surface is conductive. A charging roller having an elastic layer, and a circle-equivalent number average diameter D of the toner in a number-based circle equivalent diameter-circularity scattergram measured by a flow-type particle image measuring device. 1 (μm), characterized in that the charging roller has a 10-point average surface roughness (Rz) smaller than that of the charging roller, wherein the developer is a two-component developer composed of a toner and a carrier, and a C atom derived from the base of the toner. 0.3 to 2 of Si atoms released from 0% and the liberation rate of Ti atoms is 1.0 to 40 %. |