| abstract |
(57) Abstract: At least one α, β unsaturated carbonyl compound such as alkyl acrylate and one or more such as ethylene and olefin including C 3 -C 20 α-olefin such as propylene and 1-butene. (A) an average ethylene sequence length ESL of from about 1.0 to less than about 3.0; (b) an average of at least 5 branches per 100 carbon atoms of the copolymer chain making up the copolymer; c) at least about 50% of the branches are methyl and / or ethyl branches; (d) substantially all of the incorporated polar monomers are at terminal positions of the branches; (e) at least one of the copolymer chains. About 30% are terminated by vinyl or vinylene groups; (f) number average molecular weight when the copolymer is intended for dispersant or wax crystal modifier applications Mn from about 300 to about 15,000, a number average molecular weight up to about 500,000 when the copolymer is intended for viscosity modifier applications; and (g) polar with substantial solubility in hydrocarbons and / or synthetic base oils Monomer-containing copolymer. The copolymer is produced using a late transition metal catalyst system and a source of olefin monomers outside of ethylene, preferably using an inexpensive, very lean refinery or steam cracker feed stream that undergoes a limited cleanup step. . Fuel and lubricating oil additives are produced, especially dispersants, wax crystal modifiers and flow improvers. If the functionalization and modification of these copolymers is required for such additives, it is facilitated by the olefin structure available in the copolymer chain. |