| abstract |
Tin white oil phosphonate is prepared by treating a white oil having a sulphur content of less than 0.05 per cent. with a phosphorus halide under oxidizing conditions, and converting the phosphonyl halide formed into tin phosphonate. Phosphorus halides specified are the trichloride and tribromide. In an example, white oil phosphonyl chloride was prepared by mixing a white oil with phosphorus trichloride, bubbling oxygen through the mixture and then bubbling nitrogen through the mixture while heating to 100 DEG C. under a pressure of not less than 10 mm. From the phosphonyl chloride the tin salt may be prepared by heating with moist stannous hydroxide. Alternatively, the white oil phosphonic acid may be prepared and this converted to the tin salt. The acid is prepared by mixing white oil phosphonyl chloride with a highly aromatic hydrocarbon fraction boiling from 300-410 DEG F., the solution is shaken with water and the emulsion formed is broken by saturation of the aqueous phase with sodium sulphate. After separation of the aqueous phase the product is washed with water and the hydrocarbon solvent evaporated off. U.S.A. Specification 2,384,905 is referred to.ALSO:A lubricating or fuel composition comprises a lubricant or fuel and a minor proportion of a tin white oil phosphonate. The phosphonate may be partially replaced by a white oil phosphonic acid or phosphonyl halide. The lubricant may be a mineral or synthetic lubricant, with or without fixed oils such as castor and lard oils. Synthetic lubricants are discussed under the following headings: synthetic hydrocarbon lubricants, voltolised hydrocarbons or fatty materials, organic and inorganic ester lubricants, polymers and copolymers of alkylene glycols, copolymers of epoxides, sulphur-containing polymers, polymers of oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds, silicone polymers and fluoro-carbon oils. Optional additives specified are detergents, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors and extreme pressure agents. Detergents referred to are metal or organic base salts of fatty acids, wool fat acids, paraffin wax acids, chlorinated fatty acids, rosin acids, aromatic carboxylic acids, fatty or hydroxy fatty acids having an aromatic substituent, paraffin wax benzoic acids, alkyl salicylic acids, diphenols such as di(alkylphenol) sulphides and methylene bis alkyl phenols, sulphonic acids, sulphuric acid monoesters, phosphoric, arsenic and antimonic acid mono and diesters and the corresponding thioesters, and partial esters of phosphonic and arsonic acids; and non-metallic detergents such as phosphatides, for example lecithin and cephalin, fatty oils such as rapeseed oils and voltolised fatty or mineral oils. Detergents particularly mentioned are calcium petroleum sulphonate and alkaline earth metal salts of an octyl phenol-formaldehyde condensation product. Antioxidants referred to are alkyl phenols such as 2, 4, 6-trimethyl phenol, pentamethyl phenol, 2, 4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl phenol, 2, 4-dimethyl-6-octyl phenol, 2, 6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl phenol and 2, 4 6-tritertiary butyl phenol, amine phenols such as benzyl amino phenols and amines such as dibutyl-phenylenediamine, diphenylamine, phenyl a - and b -naphthylamines and dinaphthylamine. Corrosion inhibitors mentioned are dicarboxylic acids, alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of sulphonic or fatty acids and alpha cyano stearic acid. Extreme pressure agents referred to are organic phosphates, thiophosphates and phosphites, aryl or alkyl aryl disulphides such as diphenyl, diphenol, dicresol, dixylenol, methyl butyl diphenol and dibenzyl sulphides, and the corresponding di- and tri-sulphides, sulphurised fatty oils or esters, for example sulphurised sperm or jojoba oils, sulphurised olefins, sulphurised phosphorised fatty oils or acids, phosphorus esters having sulphurised organic radicals, chlorinated hydrocarbons such as chlorinated paraffin wax, aromatic hydrocarbons, terpenes or mineral lubricating oil and chlorinated esters. Other optional ingredients include urea or thiourea derivatives, for example urethanes and allophanates, carbazides and carbazones, polyisobutylene polymers and unsaturated polymerised esters. U.S.A. Specification 2,384,905 is referred to.ALSO:Tin white oil phosphonates (see Group IV (b)) are oxidation inhibitors for natural and synthetic rubber. The phosphonate may be partially replaced by a white oil phosphoric acid or phosphoryl chloride. U.S.A. Specification 2,384,905 is referred to. |