| abstract |
A cationic nanoparticulate material comprises a BF4-, PF6- or SbF5- counterion. A layer of an organic electronic device, such as an organic light-emitting device 100, may comprise the nanoparticulate material dispersed in an organic semiconducting layer 107. A formulation comprising said material and a method of forming an organic electronic device 100 by depositing the formulation is also claimed. |