| abstract |
A method of making an amorphous polyester resin comprises the step of polycondensing 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-sorbitol (isosorbide) with nonanedioic acid (azelaic acid), and/or butanedioic acid (succinic acid) in the presence of a catalyst. The isosorbide is synthesized from D-glucose, the succinic acid is obtained from an anaerobic fermentation process and the azelaic acid is formed by the oxidative cleavage of oleic acid with chromic acid or by ozonolysis. The amorphous polyester therefore contains only renewable resources and may be used in emulsion aggregation toner fabrication. Toner particles comprising a polyester resin of this type are also disclosed. |