| abstract |
Hydrocarbon fuels and lubricating oils contain as additives an acid of the formula <FORM:1002324/C4-C5/1> where R is F or CF3 and Rf is an acylic perfluoroalkylene radical, or a derivative thereof (see Division C2). Specified as additives for oils and waxes are quaternary ammonium salts of acids of the above formula.ALSO:The invention comprises acids of the formula <FORM:1002324/C2/1> where R is F or CF3 and Rf is an acyclic perfluoroalkylene radical of 3-9 carbons, at least three extending in a chain between the -C-and the -COOH groupings; and salts (including quaternary ammonium salts), esters, thiol esters, amides, halides and nitriles thereof. The acids may be prepared by telomerizing C2F4, with or without another perfluoro-olefine such as CF3CF : CF2, C2F5CF : CF2 or C3F7CF : CF2, with CF2Cl.CR(CF3)I, and then (1) reacting with chlorosulphonic or fluorosulphonic acid and then hydrolysing, or (2) reacting with acetylene and then oxidizing with aqueous alkaline KMnO4. The derivatives of the acids are prepared by normal methods.ALSO:Water and oil repellency is imparted to fabrics, paper and other cellulosic materials and leather by treatment with an acid of the formula <FORM:1002324/D1-D2/1> where R is F or CF3 and Rf is an acylic perfluoroalkylene radical of 3-9 carbon atoms, or with a derivative thereof (see Division C2). Derivatives specified for this purpose are chromium and aluminium complex salts of the Werner type, and quaternary ammonium salts and polymers of vinyl esters of the acids. An example pads swatches of cotton with aqueous isopropanolic solutions of Werner type chromium complexes of the acids, the solutions containing urea also.ALSO:Water and oil repellency is imparted to materials such as fabrics, paper, wood and other cellulosic material, leather, glass, metals and ceramics by treatment with an acid of the formula <FORM:1002324/B1-B2/1> where R is F or CF3 and Rg is an acyclic perfluoroalkylene radical of 3-9 cabon atoms, or with a derivative thereof (see Division C2). Derivatives specified for this purpose are chromium and aluminium complex salts of the Werner type, quaternary ammonium salts, and polymers of vinyl esters of the acids. |