| abstract |
Pharmaceutical compositions are provided including therapeutically effective amounts of an α1 adrenergic receptor antagonist, together with one or more of (1) a mu (or opioid receptor subtype) antagonist or agonist, (2) a vasopressor, (3) an anticholinergic agent and/or cholinergic agents, (4) a combined alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist and anticholinergic (e.g. droperidol), (5) a paralytic or muscle relaxant, (6) a respiratory accelerant, (7) a GABA complex antagonist, (8) an anti-seizure/membrane stabilizer agent, (9) an α1 adrenergic receptor agonist, and/or (10) an α2 adrenergic receptor agonist; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Also provided are methods of preventing or reversing effects in a subject (including muscle and chest wall rigidity, laryngospasm, WCS, and/or respiratory depression) arising from intentional or accidental opioid or opiate exposure, involving administering to the subject such a pharmaceutical composition. Methods of providing analgesia with a modified side effect profile to reduce risk of WCS or respiratory effects are also provided. |