| abstract |
Methods of determining the presence or risk of liver disease or other diseases in a subject include measuring a level of a saccharide selected from N-acetylneuraminic acid, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, or a combination thereof on one or more glycosylated proteins and the total amount of alpha-fetoprotein in a biological sample from the subject. Glycosylated proteins include but are not limited to vascular endothelial growth factor, lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor, E-cadherin, alpha 1 acid glycoprotein, glypican-3, galectin-3, and any combination thereof. The presence or risk of disease in the subject is determined responsive to a value based on the level of glycosylation and amount of alpha-fetoprotein. |