| abstract |
A charging member is provided in which exudation of a low molecular weight component from an elastic layer to the surface is suppressed, and at the same time, charging performance of the electrophotographic photosensitive member are provided at a high level. The charging member includes a substrate, an elastic layer and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer includes a polymer compound having the structural units represented by the following formulas (1), (2) and (3), and having a Si-O-Ti bond, a Ti-O-Ta bond, and a Si-O-Ta bond:n n n TiO 4/2 Formula (2) n n TaO 5/2 Formula (3) |