| abstract |
An organic light-emitting diode, organic solar cell or switching element comprising at least one substituted carbazole derivative of the general formula (I), (II) or (III) in which X is NR 4 , O, S or PR 4 ; Y is NR 5 , O, S or PR 5 ; where at least one of the symbols X and Y is NR 4 or NR 5 ; R 1 and R 3 are each independently substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 30 -aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 5 to 30 ring atoms or a substituent with donor or acceptor action selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 20 -alkoxy, C 6 -C 30 -aryloxy, C 1 -C 20 -alkylthio, C 6 -C 30 -arylthio, SiR 6 R 7 R 8 , halogen radicals, halogenated C 1 -C 20 -alkyl radicals, carbonyl (-CO(R 6 )), carbonylthio (- C = O (SR 6 )), carbonyloxy (- C = O(OR 6 )), oxycarbonyl (- OC = O(R 6 )), thiocarbonyl (- SC = O(R 6 )), amino (-NR 6 R 7 ), OH, pseudohalogen radicals, amido (- C = O (NR 6 )), -NR 6 C = O (R 7 ), phosphonate (- P(O) (OR 6 ) 2 ), phosphate (-OP(O) (OR 6 ) 2 ), phosphine (-PR 6 R 7 ), phosphine oxide (-P(0)R 6 n 2 ), sulfate (-OS(0) 2 OR 6 ), sulfoxide (-S(O)R 6 ), sulfonate (-S(O) 2 OR 6 ), sulfonyl (-S(O) 2 R 6 ), sulfonamide (-S(O) 2 NR 6 R 7 ), N0 2 , boronic esters (-OB(OR 6 ) 2 ), imino (-C = NR 6 R 7 ), borane radicals, stannane radicals, hydrazine radicals, hydrazone radicals, oxime radicals, nitroso groups, diazo groups, vinyl groups, sulfoximines, alanes, germanes, boroximes and borazines; |