| abstract |
thickness, εt: a relative permittivity of the toner layer, εd: a relative permittivity of the drum, ε0: a vacuum permittivity, Dtmax: a transmission density in a maximum density image portion on the paper after fixation, Dt 0.1 : a transmission density in an image on the paper when the toner bearing amount on the paper after fixation is 0.1 mg/cm 2 , and λ: a transfer efficiency of the toner, α = Dt max - D t 0.1 λ × ( M S ) L - 0.1 , and β = 1 / ( Q / M ) L . |