| abstract |
Photoactive layers that contain macroparticles, as well as related photovoltaic cells, systems and methods are disclosed. The composition comprises macroparticles of a first semiconductor material, the macroparticles having an average particle size of at least about 100 nanometers; and nanoparticles of a second semiconductor material, the nanoparticles having an average size of at most about 50 nm. First and second semiconductor materials has the formula M x O y , where x and y are greater than zero. M is selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, zinc, tungsten, niobium, lanthanum, tantalum, terbium and tin. |